History of Coffee

coffee is consumed by many peoples around the world. Coffee have been discovered in Ethiopia by a farmer in fact Ethiopia   is located in Africa. Women they are responsible for making coffee most of the time. Coffee then went to Yemen, people from Yemen enjoyed drinking coffee and they shared the coffee with other Arab counties. Yemen started to trade coffee in other places of the world and problem that is how coffee become popular among the Arabs. After years of discovering the coffee in Arab counties and in Africa it became known to the Turkish people and it became really important for them and it was ad drink they might drink everyday as well. Turkish people also enjoyed coffee houses where they can talk freely about the things they want, they can also meet many of their friends there,  also enjoy their time playing some games with their friends, and it was men place. Turkish people spread it to the  European people  about the coffee. People in Vince(Italy)   did not like the sour taste of the coffee so they decided to add some milk to it to make the taste better. Women enjoyed drinking coffee as much as men did. In France people enjoyed drinking coffee because they can talk freely about politic and we can conclude that many fights that happened in France between the people and the government was because of the coffee that make people awake and more alert. There were coffee houses that some writer enjoyed going and also had their inspiration from there. People in England found that making a coffee was hard and not easy to do so they decided to drink tea because it was easier to make and taste good as well. Great Britain spread to America, American people liked drinking coffee but the real reason is because the English people put a high taxes for tea so that is why Americans started drinking coffee because it was cheaper. At last, coffee is a tasty drink that you can enjoy drinking with friends and family.

الغزو المغولي للأمة الأسلامية

 الغزو المغولي للأمة الأسلامية

  المغول هم من عددة دول وهي منغوليا، الصين و روسيا و هذه الدول تقع في وسط آسيا (١). المغول هم  أول من أستولى على ملك العرب بعد  مئات السنين من خلافة العرب. نستطيع إن نصف المغول بأنهم قوم غير متحضر لما فعلوه لدول الإمة الإسلامية من خراب و تدمير المنازل، ورمي الكتب في الماء،(٢)، إيضا تدمير معالم الحضارية مهمة مثل دار الحكمة. لنتعرف أكثر عن ما هي الإمور التي جعلت المغول إلى غزو الأمة الإسلامية، كيفية تعامل الملمسلمين ضد الغزو المغولي، و أخيرن ما هي آثار الغزو المغولي على الإمة الإسلامية. (٣)  .

ما هي الإمور التي جعلت المغول إلى غزو الأمة الإسلامية: 

ضعف الدولة العربية في أواخر القرن السابع الهجري مما أدى إلى سهولة دخول المغول إلى دول الإمة الإسلامية و  القضاء على كثير من دول الإسلامية.(4) و النزعات بين الدول الإسلامية  و التفرق الذي حصل لدول الأمة الإسلامية. أيضا من أهم الأسباب, ضعف الخلافة العباسية في قرن السابع  مما أدى إلي عدم قدرتها على إن تسيطر على الدول لإسلامية مما جعل لكل  دولة حاكم منفرد. (5) سبب أخرى,  هو تكون جيوش الأمة الإسلامية من الدول الفارس و االترك و الزنجية و هذا كان يعتبر خطر على الدولة العباسية, مثل لفارس إذا تريد الإنقلاب على الدولة العباسية سيكون سهل عليها الإن دولة فارس تعرف طريقة تدريب الجيش، و الإسلحة التي يستخدمونها العباسية، وإيضا ستعرف خططها و هذا يعتبر خطاء و أخيرا أستبدال العطاء النقدي لجنود السلاجقة بالإقطاع (أمتلاك الموارد العامة لكل الإقطاع)  (6) و ايضا الإنحراف العقدي  الغنياء صارو يصرفون أموالهم في أمور الحياة و أصبحو أقل زهدا مما كانو عليه(7) . مما سبب في ضعف الجيش بسب أختلاط  قطاع الجيش مع الإقطاع الأخرى و أهمها الأقطاع الأداري و هذه القطاعات لم تكن تخضع لكلام السلطان نفسه إيضا و لعل هذا  هو السبب لضعف الجيش الإسلامي و شلله.(8)

كيفية تعامل الملمسلمين ضد الغزو المغولي:

ولم يكن المعتصم بتحضير الجيش الأن الوزير قد طردهم و أيضا لم يكن السوار المدينة محصن جيدا، فزا المغول في هذه المعركة و دمرو بغداد و قتلو كثير من الناس  . تأسيس دولة جديدة بقيادة السلطان الظاهر,   أول ردة فعل عربي إسلامي عسكري خلال غزو المغولي لدولة الإسلامية و هذه  المعركة الفاصلة  بين الأمة الإسلامية و المغول, هذه هي معركة عين جالوت التي خسر المغول لأول مرة في معركة ضد المسلمين و هذا يعتبر أول فوز للمسلمين ضد المغول و يعتبر أن المغول لم يستطيعو إن يسيطرو على الدول أخرى

أخيرن ما هي آثار الغزو المغولي على الإمة الإسلامية:

هنالك أمور حدثة عندما غزا المغول الإمة الإسلامية و أيضا أمور كثيرة قد تغرت في الأمة الإسلامية و أهمها   سقوط الخلافة العباسية مما يعني إن العباسيون لم يستطيعو على الحفاظ على الدولة الإسلامية(9) و من الأمور المهمة التي حدثة سقوط امارة خوارزم وهي احد الامارات التي ظهرت بعد ضعف ولم تعد العراق عاصمة الدولة الاسلامية  . أمور عديدة حدثت لسكان بغداد و منها و أيضا  تدهور حال السكان المحلين و الزراعين وايضا انتشار الامراض   فقد الشعب حقوقهم وايضا دفع الضرائب باهضة الثمن.(10) 

  http://ejabat.google.com/ejabat/thread?

tid=076c855ab9ae615b&hl=ar&table=%2Fejabat%2F%3Ftab%3Dg2%26hl%3Dar&clk=wttpcts

(1), من هم المغول والتتار؟ وماهي أصولهم ومناطقهم؟

(2) http://forum.sabaya.ae/showthread.php?t=62468, من هم المغول و لماذا نهانا الرسول (صلى الله غليه و سلم) عن قتالهم

 (3) دولة التتار(المغول ) من البداية الى السقوط, http://forum.islamstory.com/29024-%CF%E6%E1%C9-%C7%E1%CA%CA%C7%D1-%E3%E4-%C8%CF%C7%ED%CA%E5%E3-%E1%D3%DE%E6%D8%E5%E3.html

(4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3240dGdF-jo, 34 تاريخ ثالث متوسط التوسع المغولي ومقاومته

 (5) د.زقاسم عبده القاسم, ما هية الحروب الصلبية,صفحة-158 -159

(6) د.زقاسم عبده القاسم, ما هية الحروب الصلبية,صفحة 160
http://www.uae7.com/vb/t57973.html(7

(8) د.زقاسم عبده القاسم, ما هية الحروب الصلبية,صفحة 160-161

(9) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3240dGdF-jo, 34 تاريخ ثالث متوسط التوسع المغولي ومقاومته

 (10) د.زقاسم عبده القاسم, ما هية الحروب الصلبية,صفحة-158 -159 

lessons learned from julius caesar

 People want to be led,but not controlled.
people might like their leader to tell them where to go and what they have to do but they do not like someone to control them. If you are the leader of the group or want to be leader you do not have to be controlling the people but instead lead them to the right path.

“Experience is the teacher of all things.”

people who lived  longer have more experience than younger people a good example is our parents when they tell us not to do certain things they know what they are talking about because they experienced it. In addition, when you are reading a book about how to make people like you without trying the instruction and the tips in the book you are not going to learn much because you are not doing an action to experience  the things written in the book.

 “Cowards die many times before their actual deaths.”

People that are afraid to say something to defend themselves when someone hurt their feeling or do something bad against them, these people are going to die everyday because they are not trying to say something to defend themselves. Moreover, sometimes people may treat you in a way you do not like in fact they do not know that you do not like the way they treat you, so if you do not tell them that they are treating you badly they are not going to know so they will continue treating you in a bad way.

“I had rather be first in a village than second at Rome.“

There are things you have to be first for example if you enjoy playing football you have to be the best player in the team, even if you are not good basketball player at least you are the best football player in your team. Try to be the best in something and be number one in that thing

“It is not these well-fed long-haired men that I fear, but the pale and the hungry-looking.”

Sometimes the people we have to be afraid of are the people that we think they are not going to reach to anything, they are the people that we have to be afraid of. I think because we know what the powerful person have of abilities and we know what to except from them but the people who we believe they can not do anything we can not imagine what they can do because they can do anything in our opinion.

 “It is better to create than to learn! Creating is the essence of life.”

when you find a new way to solve a math problem you are going to love math but if you are using the same method the teacher gave you you are going to like math. Creating something new for example a new recipe is fun and also add something to your life, you feel you accomplished something.

" Ask everything of your people, but reward them like kings."

When you there are people working for you did something good you have to reward them by giving them something or telling them a nice word because people want to get a reward for what they did to feel valuable. DO not forget to show that you are thankful to the people that did something good for you, by nice words or by giving them something.

“The die is cast.”

There are things you can not change like the sun have to be rising in the morning and the moon have to rise in the night it is something you can not change. Think about something you can change in the company like improving the sales by inventing something new or working harder to influence more poeple. Try to think about something you can change instead of thinking  to change something that is not possible to change.  

http://thebrandbuilder.wordpress.com/2010/05/20/10-things-julius-caesar-could-have-taught-us-about-business-marketing-leadership-and-even-social-media/

أقوال وحكم

الصمت يكون أفضل رد على من يستهزء بك.

 يجب إن لا تسمع لما تقول نفسك لك الأنها يمكن إن تخرجك عن الطريق الصواب و لهذا يجب عدم السماع لما يقول قلبك لك

لا تذل نفسك من جل أي شخص, لأن حتى إذا صرة أقوى وأفضل منه ستضل ذليلن و أضعيف أمامه.

إذا كنت تريد إن تنصح شخص عمل شيء خاطىء يجب إن تنصححه في مكان لا يوجد أحديسمع حديثكما,الإنك سوف تجعل فعله  .فضيحة بين الناس

 تخيل بأنك سوف تشفى من المرض هو دواء في الوقت نفسه, إن الاراحة و عدم الإنزعاج من المرض, التحمل على المرض يكون أوال شياء تفعله لشفاء.

  إن الله تعالى فضلنا بدين الإسلام و لهذايجب إن نفعل مل يطلب منا الله تعالى و عدم اتباع دين أخرى . الأنا إذا فعلنا ذلك لن يساعدنا الله تعالى.

الكلام مع الأخرين عنمشاعرك الأنهم لن يستطيعوا فهمك أو الشعور بما تشعر.

يجب إن نستمتتع بكل دقيقة تمر في حياتنا و عدم أهتمام بمذا يمكن إن يحدثفي المستقبل.

Instead of being angry

There are simple ways to release your anger so you can manage your anger  so you do not regret any of your action.

Sleep

If you are angry with someone and you are always thinking about the problem or  what they said instead of going to that person and throw words that you will regret each word yo said, go to your bed and have a sleep.

Laugh

If you are talking to someone,  what they are saying annoying you try to smile and laugh even if it is going to be weird situation ( better than a fight). If you do not want someone to show you are laughing hide your smile by your hands.

Exercise

If a person annoying by their action or their words breath slowly in and out or go excuse yourself for five minutes to have a short walk to think in a better way. I think boxing is good exercise to release all your anger if you are thinking about it.

Gaming

If you are in your home go play in you Xbox, Wii or play station fighting game like Naruto, one piece or any game includes fighting can be useful but if you do not have any of this devices download fighting application in your mobile.

Writing

writing about your feelings  is the best thing to do when you are angry from the way your boss is talking to you because it is going to be better than facing him/ her and get fired from your job. After, writing you can burn the paper to feel more satisfy or have better feeling.

مصادر:
http://eve.arabyonline.com/article/2909.html

Anger Management

We face many problems in work, school, or house that make us get angry at someone that do not have any relation with  you problem because they annoyed you with something. Anger can cause you many problems with other people if  your feeling not under your control. There are several ways to have control in your anger to not cause any problems with any person or hurt their feelings.

Understand your anger:

When you get angry try to take few minutes to think why you are angry? why do you have this feeling? If you have this feeling, think about your feeling before you get angry stay with yourself for few minutes and think about it.  In this way you have collected your thought so you know how to reply in a better way and not to regret what you are going to say.

Anger signs:

There are some anger signs that you have to know so you can stop before doing something that you will regret. If you are sweating, heart beat fast, you feel nervous, getting red face, clench your fists or other signs that you know you can get. It  better to know what are the signs to make you angry so you move a way or control your feelings.

way to take control:

There are some ways to control your angry if you are realize that you are going to be really angry. If you are standing up sit down in any place, try to count to 10 but if you are very angry to 100 if you did not calm down, or try to take a walk for 5 minutes or go to another place. Take slow deep breath to relax and feel better.

search for solution
If you have a problem with someone for example, you are facing problem with your parents because they do not allow you to go out to your parents party. Try to know why they are not letting you to go out and try to understand them. In this way you can find a good way to make them allow you to go out with your friend and also have a good relation with your parents as well. I think it will better than shouting and crying because they do not allow you to go out.

Stop blaming:
If something went  wrong you might blame someone else for that mistake for example, if you are baking a cake with someone and the cake did not taste good you will blame someone else added something extra or forget to add ingredient. Instead of blaming someone else try to blame yourself and try to see what are your mistakes. 

Ice-cream

Ice-cream is one of the favorite desert for anyone. I love to eat ice-cream because it is creamy and also have many different delicious flavors. The ice-cream is always have to be served cold which make it the best desert choice for the summer time. I believe that eating ice-cream for 30 minutes can make you full.

Banana Ice-cream

when I first saw it I was really surprised how he open the yellow layer and the yellow layer did not fell down. I will really enjoy eating it in the street so everyone can see me have the weirdest ice-cream that looks like a banana.

Stick ICE-cream

The ice-cream have a stick shape filled with vanilla flavor. This ice-cream you can only get it in spring and summer only.

source: http://funinkorea.com

Ice-cream Sandwich

I think it really looks delicious and also new way to severe ice-cream for your guests instead of the scooping ice-cream in a bowl as the traditional way.

source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com

Caramel-Almond Ice Cream Torte

Ice cream torte I believe it will be better to be severe in the summer instead of cake or cheesecake. It is also easy way to make and also do not need to take a lot of your time to make a desert.

source: http://www.realsimple.com/

cookies and cream mocha milkshake 

I really love to drink milk shake in a cold or hot weather because it taste irresistible. I think adding a scoop one or two of  your favorite ice-cream flavor will make it taste much better to drink.

source: http://www.averiecooks.com

Neapolitan ice-cream bonbons

I really like the idea to have three different things together to make a delicious desert to eat in the afternoon when the weather is really hot at that time. 

source: http://www.ohnuts.com

chocolate pretzel peanut butter ice cream (vegan)

Instead of  plain ice cream that is full with different flavors I think adding something to the ice cream like a pretzel, biscuit, or even chocolate can make the ice cream more desirable to eat and also enjoyable to make. 

source: http://www.coffeeandquinoa.com/

Grilled peaches with caramel pecan ice cream

Eating fresh fruits with ice cream will make it tastier to eat and might be also healthier because fruits contain a lot of good vitamins and other nutrient benefits for your healthier. I see it is also a good way to eat fruits with ice cream especially if you don't like eating fruits it can encourage you to eat some fruits and enjoy eating it.

source: http://www.southernboydishes.com

Pumpkin Cinnamon Bun Ice Cream (No Churn)

eating Ice-cream with waffle cone at the park after enjoying your time at the park or after along time shopping at the mall, I believe it is really good to treat yourself something sweet after finishing your shopping or playing games.

source: http://www.keepitsweetdesserts.com/

Sorbet Watermelon Wedges

Using watermelon wedges is a good idea to put sorbet and also creative way. Kids can eat it and when they finish throw it instead of giving them a bowl that they have ti bring it back to the kitchen and they do not really do it.

source: http://www.bakersroyale.com